After four decades of the concept’s circulation, the historicity of the rentier state theory clearly requires discussion3. It is necessary to take into account what the 1980s representation owed to the particular climate of the political interactions between the West and East; the West being heavily dependent on Arabic oil resources and the East recently emancipated from colonial supervisory authorities and progressively learning how to make the most of its natural riches. Today Gulf’s oil monarchies, archetypes within the rentier state theory are, in contrast, highly valued as partners, especially in the wake of the global economic crisis and the “Arab Spring”, which have created more long-term political uncertainty. Since they have progressively become an important player in the world stage and considered in a certain way as a factor of stability for the whole Middle-East area, studying GCC’s countries achievements concerning the use of their oil-wealth in an optimal way and reminding their current and future challenges have a great importance, particularly in the current context of chaos across its borders.